Ancient boat that carried the dead pharaohs discovered in Egypt
Researchers from the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology discovered a nearly intact boat that carried dead pharaohs at Abu Rawash, an archaeological site 15 miles northwest of Cairo, Egypt.
The vessel, dating back to the reign of Pharaoh Den during Egypt’s First Dynasty, is more than 4,900-years-old and offers a unique glimpse into the spiritual and technological practices of ancient Egypt.
The solar boat measures approximately 20 feet in length and five feet in width. It was constructed from 11 planks of locally sourced wood, preserved remarkably well by the dry desert environment.
A vessel with deep symbolism
Solar boats were central to ancient Egyptian funerary practices. These ritual vessels were buried near kings to carry their souls to the heavens, where they were believed to join the sun god Ra. In Egyptian mythology, Ra traveled across the sky during the day on a morning boat and through the underworld at night on an evening boat.
While their spiritual purpose is clear, Egyptologists debate whether solar boats also had functional uses. Some suggest they carried the pharaoh’s body over water during funerary processions, while others argue they were symbolic creations built solely for burial.
The discovery of Pharaoh Khufu’s 140-foot cedar boat at Giza in 1954 supports both theories. Although the vessel shows signs of water contact, cedar shavings found in its burial pit suggest it was constructed on-site for interment.
The Abu Rawash boat’s smaller size and design add another dimension to this debate. Researchers hope to find more evidence in the future that will reveal insights into how solar boats evolved in purpose and construction over time.
The historical importance of Egypt’s Abu Rawash
Abu Rawash has long been recognized for its significance in Egypt’s early dynastic period. The site contains artifacts that highlight the pivotal role this era played in shaping the foundations of the ancient Egyptian state.
Discovered in 2012, the solar boat enhanced this understanding, showcasing the advanced craftsmanship and religious devotion of the time.
This find is part of a broader pattern of First Dynasty discoveries at Abu Rawash. Archaeologists have previously unearthed other significant artifacts in the area, solidifying its importance as a key site in early Egyptian history.
Conservation and future display
The Abu Rawash solar boat is now displayed at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization.
The discovery underscores the power of Egypt’s desert sands to safeguard ancient artifacts. The arid conditions have preserved countless treasures, allowing researchers to reconstruct the lives and beliefs of the ancient Egyptians.
The Abu Rawash solar boat offers scholars a fresh opportunity to explore the intersection of ancient technology, religious symbolism and funerary practices.